《人文传统（一）》章节试读

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第36页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Saul 扫罗王
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E7%BE%85%E7%8E%8B
David 大卫王
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B
Solomon 所罗门
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第30页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Code of Hammurabi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_HammurabiHammurabi stele at American Museum of Natural History, New York, 2012.Français : Code de Hammurabi, roi de Babylone ; face avant.Code on clay tablet
Law Code Stele of King Hammurabi, basalt, Babylonian, 1792-1750 B.C.E. (Musée du Louvre, Paris) A stele is a vertical stone monument or marker often inscribed with text or with relief carving. Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker 可汗学院介绍视频
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-AP/ancient-near-east-AP/v/law-code-stele-of-king-hammurabi-792-1750-b-c-e

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第39页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Ishtar Gate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtar_Gate
http://www.ancient.eu/Ishtar_Gate/
http://www.livescience.com/43036-ishtar-gate.html
The reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate in the Pergamon Museum in BerlinAn aurochs above a flower ribbon; missing tiles are replacedPergamon Museum, Ishtar gateAurochs and dragons from the gate in the Istanbul Archaeology MuseumsOne of the dragons from the gateBuilding inscription of King Nebuchadnezzar IILions and flowers decorated the processional street.The replica Ishtar Gate in Babylon in 2004The replica Ishtar Gate in Babylon, Iraq in 2011

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第2页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

可汗学院的史前艺术部分：
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art
巨石阵
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/
Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England
The Neolithic Revolution
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/neolithic-art/a/the-neolithic-revolution
History of Stonehenge from BBC
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7322444.stm

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第46页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Vessel terminating in the forepart of a fantastic leonine creature
Period: Achaemenid
Date: ca. 5th century B.C.
Geography: Iran
Culture: Achaemenid
Medium: Gold
Dimensions: H. 17 cm
Classification: Metalwork-Vessels
Credit Line: Fletcher Fund, 1954
Accession Number: 54.3.3
http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/324291
Achaemenid Empire 阿契美尼德王朝
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D
Achaemenid golden bowl with lion imagery.Ancient bracelet, Achaemenid period, part of Oxus Treasure, 500 BC, IranAn Achaemenid drinking vessel
Fluted bowl
Period: Achaemenid
Date: ca. 6th–5th century B.C.
Geography: Iran
Culture: Achaemenid
Medium: Gold
Dimensions: H. 11.1 cm
Classification: Metalwork-Vessels-Inscribed
Credit Line: Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1954
Accession Number: 54.3.1
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/54.3.1
The Art of Achaemenids
http://www.iranchamber.com/art/articles/art_of_achaemenids.php
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Achaemenid_metalwork
接下来的感觉有点逆天啊Achaemenid Gold Earing with inlays of turquoise, carnelian, and lapis lazuli, 5th-4th CenAchaemenid Vase Handle, carnelian, Silver and gold, 6th-5th Century BCEBowl of Darius the Great, Iran, Achaemenid period, reign of Darius I, 522-486 BC, hammered

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第27页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Babylonian numerals 巴比伦数字
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_numerals
Sexagesimal 六十进制
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagesimal
Babylonian numeralsBabylonian tablet YBC 7289 showing the sexagesimal number 1;24,51,10 approximating √2

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第13页 - Introduction: Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Pictographs were often combined to express an idea. For instance, the signs for “mouth” and for “food” were combined to form an ideogram (a sign that represents an idea or thing) meaning “to eat” (Figure 0.14). On wet clay, pictographs assumed a more angular and wedged shape. Cuneiform (from cuneus, the Latin word for “wedge”), a form of writing used throughout the Near East for well over 3000 years, ushered in the world’s first Information Age (Figure 0.15).

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第170页 - Chapter 6 Rome: The Rise to Empire

The interior of the dome, once painted blue and gold to resemble the vault of heaven, is pierced by a 30-foot-wide oculus, or “eye,” that admits light and air (Figure 6.13). The proportions of the Pantheon observe the Classical principles of symmetry and harmony as described by Vitruvius (see Reading 5.1): the height from the floor to the apex of the dome (143 feet) equals the diameter of the rotunda.

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第19页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Stone panel from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (Room B, Panel 19)
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/s/stone_panel,_nw_palace-4.aspx
这玩意儿又是怎么到大英博物馆的？
Stone panel from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II (Room B, Panel 19)Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), northern Iraq
Neo-Assyrian, 883-859 BC
A lion leaping at the King's chariot
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/s/stone_panel,_nw_palace-4.aspx
This alabaster relief shows the royal sport of kings. Royal lion hunts were a very old tradition in Mesopotamia, with examples of similar scenes known as early as 3000 BC. Ashurnasirpal (reigned 883-859 BC) obviously took great pleasure from the activity as he claims in inscriptions to have killed a total of 450 lions. -- 丧心病狂....
The motif of Ashurnasirpal II or the crown prince hunting lions from his chariot is depicted three separate times upon the reliefs in his palace at Nimrud. Two are in The British Museum, the other in the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin.
Unusually, here the relief here is composed as a single scene. Generally, the action moves in a narrative, from left to right, unhindered by the fallen lion which either crouches beneath the bodies of the galloping horses or turns back in a futile attempt to avoid certain death.
Ashurnasirpal II 阿淑尔纳西尔帕二世 亚述继承人的守卫者
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B7%91%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%95%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96
Detail of stele of Ashur-nasir-pal II in the British Museum, London. Assyria, 9th century Ashur-nasir-pal II (centre) meets a high official after a successful battle.Campaigns and contemporaries of Ashurnasirpal IIPair of Lamassu's, Nimrud, (Metropolitan Museum)On this relief from Nimrud, a winged benevolent spirit blesses either the king or palace wAshurnasirpal on the throneAshurnasirpal II Hunting Lions, Pergamon Museum, BerlinNimrud reliefWall reliefs from the north west palace at the British MuseumStela of Ashurnasirpal II in the British Museum
可汗学院的Art 1010系列
美索不达米亚&古埃及艺术
Ancient Near Eastern and ancient Egyptian art
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history-basics/Art-1010/v/ancient-near-eastern-and-ancient-egyptian-art

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第7页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Mammoth-bone house, Mezhirich, Uraine, ca. 16000 - 10000 BCE.
Mezhirich (Ukraine)
http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mezhirich.htm
In Focus: Mammoth Bone Huts of Mezhirich
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNP8ZjZ_cRU
Mammoth Bone Dwellings - Houses Made from Elephants
http://archaeology.about.com/od/ancienthouses/g/mammoth_huts.htm
Mezhirich / Mezhyrich / Mejiritch /Mejiriche/Межиріч - Mammoth Camp
http://donsmaps.com/mammothcamp.html
Painting in red on the front of mammoth skull found at the entrance to one of the huts at Mezhirich reconstruction This is a reconstruction of one of the mammoth bone structures (Mammoth bones used to recreate a building of the ice ages. Photo: Sasha Desyaterik, ht
出土的还有各式骨针，相当精巧，见上Youtube视频。

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第173页 - Chapter 6 Rome: The Rise to Empire

Like its imperialistic predecessors, Rome advertised its military achievements in monumental public works of art. These consisted mainly of triumphal arches and victory columns, which, like the obelisks of Egyptian pharaohs, commemorated the conquests of strong rulers. The 100-foottall marble column erected in 113 C.E. by Emperor Trajan to celebrate his victory over Dacia (present-day Romania) includes 2500 figures—a huge picture scroll carved in brilliant low relief (Figures 6.19 and 6.20).

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第37页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Hammat Tiberias
Hammat-Tiberias was a walled Canaanite city mentioned in the Bible. It peaked during the Roman/Byzantine periods, and was famous for its healing powers.
A number of synagogues were unearthed and reconstructed, including the 5th C Zodiac mosaic.
http://www.biblewalks.com/Sites/HammatTiberias.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias
In the center of one large mosaic is the Sun god, Helios, sitting in his chariot holding tAnother panel shows a Torah ark flanked by two the seven-branched menorahs and other JewisAncient Greek inscription on the hellenistic mosaic floor belonging to the synagogue in en

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第14页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Rosetta Stone
Wikipedia Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone
The British Museum Page
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/t/the_rosetta_stone.aspx
One possible reconstruction of the original steleThe left and right sides of the Rosetta Stone, containing the faint English inscriptions sExperts inspecting the Rosetta Stone during the Second International Congress of OrientaliReplica of the Rosetta Stone as it was originally displayed, within the King's Library of A giant copy of the Rosetta Stone by Joseph Kosuth in Figeac, France, the birthplace of Je

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第261页 - Chapter 10 The Islamic World: Religion and Culture

The Thousand and One Nights, which exists in many versions, actually contains only some 250 tales, many of which have become favorites with readers throughout the world: the adventures of Ali Baba, Aladdin, Sinbad, and other postmedieval stories are filled with fantasy, exotic characters, and spicy romance. The manner in which each tale loops into the next, linking story to story and parts of each story to each other, resembles the regulating principles of design in Islamic art, which include repetition, infinite extension, and the looping together of motifs to form a meandering, overall pattern (Figure 10.8).

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第9页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Hassuna
Hassuna culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassuna_culture
034. Hassuna (ancient name unknown)
http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-034.html
Levant Neolithic Period. Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC
http://traveltoeat.com/levant-neolithic-period-metropolitan-museum-of-art-nyc/

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第26页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Queen's Lyre
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/q/queens_lyre.aspx
Reconstruction of the burial shaft, showing the queen's retinue and the ox drivers (1928)

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第32页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Ziggurat of Ur
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat_of_Ur
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/ancient-near-east1/sumerian/a/ziggurat-of-ur
Ancient ziggurat at Ali Air Base IraqReconstruction of Ur-Nammu's ziggurat, based on the 1939 reconstruction by Woolley (vol. VU.S. soldiers climb the steps of the ziggurat in 2010

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第15页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Eannatum ca. 2500–2400 BCE.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EannatumA fragment of the Stele of the Vultures showing vultures with severed human heads in their
Sumerian Art: The Stele of the Vultures
http://arthistorypart1.blogspot.com/2011/01/sumerian-art-stele-of-vultures.htmlimage source: I.Winter-"After the battle is over: The Stele of The Vultures and Historical
Stele of the Vultures
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stele_of_the_Vultures
One fragment of the victory stele of the king Eannatum of Lagash over Umma, Sumerian archaUpper register of the "mythological" sideAnother fragmentDetail of the "battle" fragmentDetail of the "battle" fragment
晚一些时候的另一块石碑
Merneptah Stele （1213 to 1203 BC）
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_SteleMerneptah Stele known as the Israel stela (JE 31408) from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第7页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

"Venus" of Willendorf, from Lower Austria, ca. 25000-20000 BCE Limestone, height 4 3/8 in.
Wikipedia page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf
Material Oolitic limestone Created c. 28,000 B.C.E – 25,000 B.C.E. Discovered 1908 near
How Art Made The World
Venus of Willendorf: Exaggarated Beauty
http://www.pbs.org/howartmadetheworld/episodes/human/venus/
电驴地址: http://www.verycd.com/topics/148998/
Venus of Hohle Fels
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels
The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen) is an Upper Paleolithic Venus figurine hewn from ivory of a mammoth tusk found in 2008 near Schelklingen, Germany. It is dated to between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago, belonging to the early Aurignacian, at the very beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, which is associated with the earliest presence of Cro-Magnon in Europe. It is the oldest undisputed example of human figurative prehistoric art yet discovered, in terms of figurative art only the Zoomorphic Lion man is older. In 2011, the figure is still being researched in the University of Tübingen, though there are plans to house it and other discoveries from the region in a planned new museum in Swabia.2 views of the Venus of Hohle Fels (true height 6 cm (2.4 in))
Youtube上的一段介绍影片
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8noVoCsYGs&feature=youtu.be
A carved female figurine dating to at least 35,000 years ago has been recovered from caves in the Hohle Fels region of Germany. The figure represents the oldest figurative art yet discovered. In this film the authors describe the importance of their find.

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第24页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Burney Relief Queen of the Night
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burney_Relief
A likely representation of either Ereshkigal or IshtarMaterial Clay
Size Height: 49.5 cm (19.5 in)
Width: 37 cm (15 in)
Thickness: 4.8 cm (1.9 in)
Created 19th-18th century BCE
Period/culture Old Babylonian
Place Made in Babylonia
Present location Room 56, British Museum, London
Identification Loan 1238
Registration 2003,0718.1

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第15页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Harappa Culture Pictures of Ancient Indian Seals
http://paradigm-update.blogspot.com/2012/03/harapp-culture-pictures.html
Daimabad, bronze chariot
Daimabad, bronze chariot. c. 1500 BCE. 22X52X17.5 cmNotice the dog just at the front tip of the chariot.
Also notice the curved stick.

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第11页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

巨石阵的建造
找了几本巨石阵的书，有空看看
http://readfree.me/book/26323584/
http://readfree.me/book/26323590/
http://readfree.me/book/3707025/
http://readfree.me/book/11977496/
可汗学院介绍
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/neolithic-art/a/stonehenge

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第16页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Popol Vuh 波波尔·乌
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%83%8F
The oldest surviving written account of Popol Vuh (ms c.1701 by Francisco Ximénez, O.P.)

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第16页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Rigveda 梨俱吠陀
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%A8%E4%BF%B1%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80
Rig Veda -- Full Chanting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCQCSN38KYY

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第10页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Cycladic art
Wikipedia Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycladic_art
看着这些，想想后来的希腊雕塑，中间究竟发生了什么？
这些人好喜欢抱手啊，这是什么姿势呢？
Cycladic sculptures in the National Archaeological Museum of AthensEarly terracotta figurines (2200–2000 BCE)Harp player, Cycladic civilization - GreeceHarp Player (early Cycladic II period; Badisches Landesmuseum, Karlsruhe)Female Figure, ca. 3000 B.C.E. Brooklyn MuseumCycladic female figurine, early work of the Spedos varietyGroup of three figurines from the early Cycladic II period, early Spedos typeCycladic marble figurine of the Keros Culture typeGold figure of an ibex, late cycladic (17th century BCE)A Cycladic figurine of the Plastiras typeA Cycladic figurine of the Louros typeA Cycladic figurine of the Kapsala typeA Cycladic figurine of the Dokathismata type.

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第28页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Sargon of Akkad 萨尔贡大帝
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D
Sargon of Akkad
http://www.ancient.eu/Sargon_of_Akkad/Bronze head of an Akkadian ruler, probably Sargon the Great, c. 23rd - 22nd century BCE.
又一个江流儿的故事啊！My mother was a changeling, my father I knew not,
The brother of my father loved the hills,
My home was in the highlands, where the herbs grow.
My mother conceived me in secret, she gave birth to me in concealment.
She set me in a basket of rushes,
She sealed the lid with tar.
She cast me into the river, but it did not rise over me,
The water carried me to Akki, the drawer of water.
He lifted me out as he dipped his jar into the river,
He took me as his son, he raised me,
He made me his gardener (Bauer, 95).This fragment of a clay tablet narrates in 17 lines of cuneiform inscription the origin of Sargon and recounts how as a baby he was found in a basket floating in a river. Sargon reigned from 2334-2279 BCE. From the library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (modern Ninawa Governorate, Iraq), northern Mesopotamia. Neo-Assyrian period, 7th century BCE. (The British Museum, London).Clay tablet with the birth of Sargon of Akkad and his argument with the king of Kish, late 3rd millennium BCE, now in the Louvre, Paris

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第5页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Lascaux caves, Dordogne, France, ca. 15000-10000 BCE 拉斯科洞窟壁画
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/lasc/hd_lasc.htm
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/?lng=en#/fr/00.xml
Aurochs, horses, and deer From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascaux#mediaviewer/Cave painting of a dun horse (equine) at Lascaux From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wi

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第45页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Lamassu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamassu
中文页面不靠谱
Notable representations include those at the British Museum in London, the Musée du Louvre in Paris, the National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Pergamon Museum in Berlin and the Oriental Institute, Chicago. A winged bull with the head of a bearded man appears on the logo of the United States Forces - Iraq.
Lamassu at the British Museum.Lamassu at the Louvre.Human-headed winged bull, otherwise known as a Šedu from Khorsabad. University of ChicaCuneiform writing on the back of a Lamassu in the University of Chicago Oriental InstituteModern impression of Achaemenid cylinder seal, 5th century BCE. A winged solar disc legitiAssyrian Hall; Musée du Louvre. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection一说狮身的叫拉玛苏（Lamassu），牛身叫舍杜（Shedu）？没看到狮身啊？
Wiki是说公的叫shedu，母的叫apsasû。

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第23页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Epic of Gilgamesh 吉尔伽美什史诗
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%8E%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第13页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Sumerian
http://www.ancientscripts.com/sumerian.html
居然是一位电脑工程师业余时间做的，各语言发展时间表相当的清晰一目了然，强烈推荐！
Examples of this early system represents some of the earliest texts found in the Sumerian The evolution through time.
The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems & Language
http://omniglot.com/

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第9页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Beaker painted with goats, dogs, and long-necked birds, from Susa, southwest Iran, ca. 5000-4000 BCE Backed clay, height 11 1/4 in.
http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/11_Western-Art/02_Mesopotamian/02_Mesopotamian.htm
Beaker – Susa (modern Shush, Iran) (c. 4000 BC) ceramic painted in brown glaze Paris, M
啧啧，这东西怎么到卢浮宫的？
----^^^^之前还感叹，现在只有感叹还好这些东西在卢浮宫....
Bushel with ibex motifs 可汗学院介绍视频
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/neolithic-art/v/susa-ibex
卢浮宫介绍页面
http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/bushel-ibex-motifs

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第345页 - Chapter 13 The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts

The artist who painted the Crucifixion and Deposition of Christ for the Psalter of Blanche of Castile (the mother of Saint Louis) recreates the geometric compositions and strong, simple colors of stained glass windows (Figure 13.33).
Some of the finest examples of medieval painting appear in the form of altarpieces installed on or behind chapel altars dedicated to the Virgin or one of the saints (Figure 13.34).

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第43页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Ashurbanipal 亚述巴尼拔
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashurbanipal
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%94
http://www.ancient.eu/Ashurbanipal/
著名收藏家
Detail of Assubanipal (reign: 668-627 BC) on a chariot during a lion hunt. Neo-Assyrian reAshurbanipal hunting, a palace relief from Nineveh.Ashurbanipal as High Priest.The famous library of king Ashurbanipal at NinevehAssyria. Feast of Assurbanipal, King and Queen at table; British Museum Brooklyn Museum ArBritish Museum, Assyrian collections (Room 10, British Museum)
The Library of Ashurbanipal 著名的图书馆
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/ashurbanipal_library_phase_1.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal
List of libraries in the ancient world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_the_ancient_world
这一页上没有中国啊，好可惜

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第6页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Pech-Merle Cave Paintings, France, ca. 15000 - 10000 BCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pech_MerleCave painting of human hands From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pech_Merle#mediav
Genetic tests throw new light on French cave painting
http://www.english.rfi.fr/france/20111108-genetic-tests-throw-new-light-french-cave-painting
New research shows spotted horses in Pech-Merle cave painting actually existed
Pech Merle Prehistory Center - Cave and Museum - Cabrerets Lot - 46 France
http://www.pechmerle.com/english/index.php

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第15页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Lost-wax casting 失蜡法
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost-wax_casting
The oldest known examples of this technique are the objects discovered in the Cave of the Treasure (Nahal Mishmar) hoard in southern Israel, and which belong to the Chalcolithic period (4500–3500 BCE).
Nahal Mishmar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahal_Mishmar
Replica of bronze sceptre from the Nahal Mishmar Hoard."Carbon-14 dating of the reed mat in which the objects were wrapped suggests that it dates to at least 3500 B.C. It was in this period that the use of copper became widespread throughout the Levant, attesting to considerable technological developments that parallel major social advances in the region."
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nahl/hd_nahl.htm
Bronze in the Ancient World
http://www.artic.edu/aic/resources/resource/2694?search_id=1&index=0The Berlin Foundry Cup, early 5th century BCFoundry Painter (5th BCE), A Bronze Foundry- production of two bronze statues, left: workers at the oven, right: man working on a statue whose head is still missing.
Drentwett, Abraham, the elder, German, c.1647-1727 Vulcan Making Arms for AchillesDrentwett, Abraham, the elder, German, c.1647-1727 Vulcan Making Arms for Achilles, while Venus and Cupid Look On, n.d.; Pen and brown ink with brush and gray wash, over traces of grahite, on vellum, tipped onto ivory laid paper; 88 x 138 mm, The Art Institute of Chicago, The Leonora Hall Gurley Memorial Collection, 1922.2078.
中国部分存疑，回头翻翻书。
可汗学院的失蜡法视频全解，讲的相当清楚。
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history-basics/artists-materials-techniques/sculpture/v/de-vries-bronze-casting

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第33页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Tell Asmar Hoard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Asmar_HoardSumerian male worshiper, Alabaster with shell eyes. One of the twelve statues in the hoard
http://www.crystalinks.com/sumerart.htmlVotive Statues, from the Temple of Abu, Tell Asmar c.2500 BC, limestone, shell, and gypsu
http://hven.swarthmore.edu/myth/Slide%20sets/Near.East.pdf
http://galleryhip.com/tell-asmar-votive-figures.html

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第8页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Sahara Rock Painting, Tassili, Algeria, ca. 8000 - 4000 BCE
Algerian Sahara - Rock painting was astonished by the world
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjc_1VxTf0E
已经有了缰绳和马鞍，那马上是有马镫？？
Saharan rock art, Wikipedia Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharan_rock_art
Tassili n'Ajjer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer
Neolithic cave paintings found in Tassil-n-Ajjer (Plateau of the Chasms) region of the SahGravure rupestre du Tassili (Algérie) datée de 4000 av. J.-C.Petroglyph depicting a possibly sleeping antelope, located at Tin Taghirt on the Tassili nDifferent colored people live together?

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第10页 - Introduction - Prehistory and the Birth of Civilization

Dolmen
Wikipedia Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolmen
这就叫不约而同吗？
A dolmen on Ganghwa, Republic of KoreaA dolmen erected by Neolithic people in Kerala, IndiaDolmen of Axeitos, SpainPoulnabrone dolmen in the Burren, County Clare, IrelandKilclooney dolmen near Ardara in County Donegal, IrelandT-shaped Hunebed D27 in Borger-Odoorn, NetherlandsDólmen da Aboboreira, Baião, PortugalThe dolmen Er-Roc'h-Feutet in Carnac, Brittany, FranceCrucuno dolmen in Plouharnel, Brittany, FranceLancken-Granitz dolmen, GermanyGochang Dolmen, a table-style dolmenHongseong Dolmen, a dissection-style dolmenDolmen circles, Sulimalthe, SomwarpetDolmens of Marayoor in Kerala, IndiaMegalithic Dolmen at Dannanapeta in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaRussiaFlint Dolmen in Johfiyeh, JordanFlint Dolmen in Johfiyeh, JordanDolmen at Roknia, an ancient necropolis in the Guelma region of northeast Algeria; the sitThis is known as a keyhole entrance[16]Dolmen of Avola, SicilyDolmen of Monte Bubbonia, SicilyDolmen of Cava dei Servi, Sicily

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第29页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Standard of Ur
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_Ur
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/me/t/the_standard_of_ur.aspx
http://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/?page_id=48
The Standard of Ur in WarThe Standard of Ur in Peace
Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur 可汗学院的介绍视频
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/history/ancient-medieval/Ancient/v/standard-of-ur-c-2600-2400-b-c-e
很多细节图
http://sumerianshakespeare.com/41101.html
http://sumerianshakespeare.com/88701.html
http://sumerianshakespeare.com/98401/index.html
The Standard of Ur end panel, "peace side", with an access door at the bottom.
A history of the world in 100 object -- BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/cVczEWH0RVm_dFZtJBAjRw
这件也在大腐国....

《人文传统（一）》的笔记-第22页 - Chapter 1: Mesopotamia: Gods, rulers, and the Social Order

Enûma Eliš 埃努玛·埃利什 巴比伦创世神话
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%BBma_Eli%C5%A1
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8A%AA%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BB%80
Chaos Monster and Sun God马尔杜克，《埃努玛·埃利什》的主角
Marduk 马尔杜克
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marduk
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B
from Iran's heritage in Musée du Louvre
全文英译
http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/enuma.html