功能语法教程

作者简介

《功能语法教程》旨在讲授及实践国际知名语言学家韩礼德所设计的多种语法分析方法，是一部适用于教学和应用方面的工具书。《功能语法教程》与韩礼德所著的《功能语法入门》（Introduction to Functiona1 Grammar）第二版和第三版相互参照。《功能语法教程》总结介绍了韩礼德关于小句复合体、分句、语义组和短句语法的主要观点，阐明了普遍被视为艰深的课题，并附有一系列分级练习，供学生演练学习语法分析技巧用。此外，《功能语法教程》另有一章将上述语法分析同韩礼德富有创意的话语分析、语域及文体方面的研究工作相结合。

书籍目录

Prefacei

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1. What is functional grammar？1

2. Why this functional grammar？2

3. Using the workbook 3

4. Getting started with text analysis5

5. Constituency: functional and class units7

6. Reasoning in a functional grammar10

7. Paradigms as system networks13

8. Choice and constituency16

9. Learning to use IFG19

Chapter 2 Theme —— clause as message 21

1. Orientation 21

1.1 Reading guide to IFG21

1.2 Characterisation of Theme21

1.3 Thematic devebpment within a text22

2. Survey of options22

2.1 Ideational （topical} Theme24

2.2 Interpersonal Theme25

2.3 Textual Theme25

2.4 Summary of types of Theme26

2.5 Extending the thematic principle beyond the clause27

3. Troubleshooting 28

3.1 Picking out the unit of analysis28

3.2 Identifying the Theme28

3.3 Identifying the metafunction29

3.4 Subject it as unmarked topical Theme32

3.5 There's a...: 'Existential' clauses35

3.6 Recognising longer Theme units35

3.7 'Hypotactic' clause as Theme37

4. Analysis practice38

4.1 Phase I38

4.2 Phase II40

4.3 Phase III47

5. Review and contextualisation52

5.1 Defining Theme52

5.2 The location of THEME within the grammatical resources of English 52

5.3 Theme and Metafunction53

5.4 Theme and Mood54

Further reading54

Chapter 3 Mood —— clause as exchange56

1. Orientation 56

1.1 Reading guide to IFG56

1.2 Characterisation of Mood56

2. Survey of options59

2.1 Basic MOOD types60

2.2 Overall interpersonal organisation of the clause60

2.3 Interpersonal grammatical metaphor67

3. Troubleshooting69

3.1 The unit ofanalysis69

3.2 Identifying structural elements70

3.3 Ambiguous mood type75

3.4 Ambiguous polarity76

4. Analysis practice77

4.1 PhaseI77

4.2 Phase II82

4.3 Phase III89

5. Review and contextualisation93

5.1 Locating MOOD93

5.2 Interpersonal structure95

5.3 Interpersonal structure and textual structure95

Further reading96

Chapter 4 Transitivity—— clause as representation98

1. Orientation98

1.1 Reading guide to IFG98

1.2 Characterisation of TRANSITIVITY98

2. Survey of optionsI00

2.1 Material clauses102

2.2 Mental clauses103

2.3 Relational clauses104

2.4 Verbal clauses106

2.5 Behavioural clauses: between material and mental/verbal107

2.6 Existential clauses108

2.7 Additional Agents108

2.8 Ergative interpretation109

3. Troubleshooting112

3.1 A topology of processes112

3.2 General probes helpful in analysing for TRANSITIVITY 113

3.3 One process or two？ii4

3.4 Material clauses115

3.5 Mental clauses118

3.6 Relational clauses120

3.7 Verbal clauses124

3.8 Behavioural clausesI25

3.9 Discriminating circumstance type126

3.10 Distinguishing between circumstances and other elements126

4. Analysis practice130

4.1 Phase I130

4.2 Phase II137

4.3 Phase IIl146

5. Review and contextualisation153

5.1 The clause as experiential construct153

5.2 Ergative perspective155

5.3 Relation to other metafunctions155

Further reading159

Chapter 5 Group and phrase —— below the clause161

1. Orientation161

1.1 Reading guide to IFG161

1.2 Characterisation of groups/phrases161

2. Survey of options165

2.1 Nominal group165

2.2 Verbal group171

2.3 Other groups182

2.4 Prepositional phrase183

3. Troubleshooting185

3.1 Identifying groups/phrases185

3.2 Assigning a function to a word in a group186

3.3 Different meanings for prepositions196

3.4 Assigning a function to a phrase or a clause: ranking or embedded？198

4. Analysis practice200

4.1 Nominal group201

4.2 Verbal group212

4.3 Adverbial group & Prepositional phrase224

5. Review and contextualisation224

5.1 Locating groups & phrases: rank and metafunction224

5.2 Nominal group225

5.3 Verbal group226

5.4 Prepositional phrase 226

Further reading 227

Chapter 6 The clause complex —— above the clause229

1. Orientation229

1.1 Reading guide to IFG229

1.2 Characterisation of clause complex229

2. Survey of options231

2.1 TAXlS 231

2.2 Logico-semantic type234

2.3 Summary of clause complex relations237

3. 'Troubleshooting 238

3.1 Procedure for analysis238

3.2 Picking out the unit of analysis238

3.3 Complexing vs. embedding242

3.4 Parataxis or hypotaxis？247

3.5 Identifying the logico-semantic relation248

3.6 How many 'layers' to the clause complex？250

3.7 Implicit clause complex relations251

3.8 Projection251

3.9 'Surfacing' from an embedding252

4. Analysis practice253

4.1 Phase I253

4.2 Phase II259

4.3 Phase lII265

5. Review and contextualisation268

5.1 Review268

5.2 Relations between clauses270

Further reading 271

Chapter 7 Text analysis 272

1. Orientation272

1.1 Reading guide to IFG272

1.2 Characterisation of text analysis 272

2. Grammar and beyond274

2.1 Theme and information flow276

2.2 Clause complexing and conjunction278

2.3 Transitivity and ideation283

2.4 Nominal groups， ideation and identification284

2.5 Periodicity and appraisal288

2.6 Deixis and multimodality 291

3. Text analysis cartography293

References 299

Index303

编辑推荐

　　《功能语法教程》是悉尼大学马丁教授等合著的现代语言学教材，为世界著名语言学家韩礼德教授的《功能语法导论》的配套教学用书，详细解释了功能语法的婵论体系和基本概念，提供了大量语言实例分析示范，并且配有大量练习题，特别适合教学应用。

前言

　　This workbook is the culmination of a project initiated in the early 1980s by JimMartin and Clare Painter， who were joined in the endeavour by Christian Matthiessenin 1988. We three were all concerned to provide support materials for students andcolleagues who were learning the analyses proposed in Halliday's Introduction toFunctional Grammar. In particular we shared the experience of guiding studentsthrough familiar kinds of difficulties year after year - and wanted to prepare materialswhich would help learners through and around these experiences. We also wanted toprovide some support for people learning the grammar on their own， or without thedialogue provided by a critical mass of systemic linguists such as we enjoy in theSydney metropolitan region.　　Since the publication of the first workbook titled Working with FunctionalGrammar in 1997， we have had the opportunity to use it with students， and to receivefeedback from many colleagues around the world. It became clear to us that weneeded to make a number of corrections and in some cases provide less confusingexamples. We were also keen to include a chapter on group and phrase analysis， whichfor reasons of space was excluded from the first edition; and we also wanted tointerface the grammar analyses considered here with discourse semantic systems， sothat their complementary roles in text analysis could be exemplified.　　When negotiations with the original publisher along these lines broke down， wesecured the rights for the volume， and began exploring publication elsewhere. The Commercial Press has generously allowed us the additional scope we needed toamend the first edition with two additional chapters. We are delighted to bepublishing this second edition in China， where so much interest in functional grammarhas grown. Since IFG2 is still in print in China， we have accordingly cross-referencedthis edition to both the second and third editions of IFG.　　We are of course much indebted to the many colleagues who have discussedaspects of these materials with us， to the many tutors who have dealt first-hand withproblems， and to the now thousands of students who have committed at least ahundred hours of their lives each to learning functional grammar in ourundergraduate linguistics and MA applied linguistics programs at the University ofSydney， Macquarie University， the University of Technology Sydney and the Universityof New South Wales.

章节摘录

　　'The bath！' he said， 'the bath！ Why the relaxing and expensive Turkish rather than the invigorating home-made article？'　　'Because for the last few days I have been feeling rheumatic and old. A Turkish bath iswhat we 'call an alternative in medicine - a fresh starting-point， a cleanser of the system.　　'By the way， Holmes，' I added， 'I have no doubt the connection between my boots and a Turkish bath is a perfectly self-evident one to a logical mind， and yet I should be obliged to you if you would indicate it.'　　'The train of reasoning is not very obscure， Watson，' said Holmes with a mischievous twinkle. 'It belongs to the same elementary class of deduction which I should illustrate if I were to ask you who shared your cab in your drive this morning.'　　'I don't admit that a fresh illustration is an explanation，' said I with some asperity.　　'Bravo， Watson！ A very dignified and logical remonstrance. Let me see， what were the points？ Take the last one first - the cab. You observe that you have some splashes on the left sleeve and shoulder of your coat. Had you sat in the centre of a hansom you would probably have had no splashes， and if you had they would certainly have been symmetrical. Therefore it is clear that you sat at the side. Therefore it is equally clear that you had a companion.'　　'That is very evident.'Absurdly commonplace， is it not？''But the boots and the bath.'

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