英语词汇学实用教程

作者简介

《英语词汇学实用教程》内容简介：词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究语言或一种语言词汇的组成和历史发展。尽管词汇是语言的基础，我们却发觉词汇学在整个语言学体系中似乎缺乏相称的重要地位。更让我们惊诧的是，甚至有人认为词汇学不是一门独立的语言学分支学科。这显然不利于词汇学作为一门学科的发展。

究其原因，与语音、语法相比，词汇似乎因其数量庞大而难以系统研究。然而，大量的已有成果表明，词汇学有其相对明确的研究内容，如词汇结构、构成、意义、变异、变化、来源等；词汇学研究对于认识、使用、学习语言具有重要的意义，对于词典编纂、文化交流等有一定的应用价值。

书籍目录

Unit1 Preliminaries about Lexicology  Pre-Class Reading    1.1  Lexicology as a branch of linguistic study    1.2  The vocabulary of a language    1.3  Words as main units of the English vocabulary    1.4  Lexical knowledge    1.5  Lexical competence  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Proiect WorkUnit2 The Formation of English Words  Pre-Class Reading      2.1  Morphemes in English      2.2  Major processes of word formation in English    2.3  Other processes of word formation in English    In-Class Activities     Post-Class Tasks      Project Work  Unit3 The Grammatical Aspect of English Words  Pre-Class Reading    3.1  Word classes in English    3.2  Countable nouns vs. uncountable nouns    3.3  Transitive verbs vs. intransitive verbs    3.4  Dynamic verbs vs. stative verbs  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Project WorkUnit4 The Idiomatic Aspect of English Word Combinations  Pre-Class Reading    4.1  Chunks in English    4.2  Collocations in English      4.3  Idioms in English    4.4  Proverbs in English  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Project WorkUnit5 The Semantic Tgpes of English Words  Pre-Class Reading    5.1  Concrete words vs. abstract words    5.2  Proper nouns vs. common nouns    5.3  Descriptive words vs. evaluative words    5.4  Fuzzy words and hedges  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Proiect WorkUnit6 The Semantic Networks of English Words  Pre-Class Reading    6.1  Semantic networks    6.2  Semantic fields    6.3  Superordinates vs. hyponyms     6.4  Meronyms vs. holonyms    6.5  Lexical gaps  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Project WorkUnit7 The Semantic Relations among English Words  Pre-Class Reading    7.1  Synonyms and synonymous expressions    7.2  Antonyms and antonymous expressions    7.3  Polysemous words vs. homonymous words    7.4  Semantic relations and textual organization  In-Class Activities  Post-Class Tasks  Project WorkUnit8 The Emotional Aspect of English WordsUnit9 The Stglistic Aspect of English WordsUnit10 The Social Aspect of English WordsUnit11 The Cultural Aspect of English WordsUnit12 The Cognitive Aspect of English WordsUnit13 The Change of English WordsUnit14 The Loan Words in EnglishUnit15 Learning the English VocabularyUnit16 The Tgpes and Components of DictionariesReferencesGlossary

前言

　　词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究语言或一种语言词汇的组成和历史发展。尽管词汇是语言的基础，我们却发觉词汇学在整个语言学体系中似乎缺乏相称的重要地位。更让我们惊诧的是，甚至有人认为词汇学不是一门独立的语言学分支学科。这显然不利于词汇学作为一门学科的发展。　　究其原因，与语音、语法相比，词汇似乎因其数量庞大而难以系统研究。然而，大量的已有成果表明，词汇学有其相对明确的研究内容，如词汇结构、构成、意义、变异、变化、来源等；词汇学研究对于认识、使用、学习语言具有重要的意义，对于词典编纂、文化交流等有一定的应用价值。近二十年来，在当代语用学、认知语言学等学科的积极影响下，在语料库语言学的推动下，词汇学研究迎来了新的发展契机，专著、教材不断涌现。　　我们认为，词汇学的理论目标在于深化关于词汇作为语言基础的认识，应用目标在于提高语言学习者和使用者的词汇应用能力。作为一本为我国英语学习者编写的入门性教材，本书固然重视系统讲解英语词汇学的理论知识，但更强调培养学生的词汇应用能力，即在各类交际中使用、理解词汇的能力，因而是一本实用的词汇学教材，或用我国词汇学研究专家汪榕培教授的话说，是一本“狭义的词汇学”教程。

章节摘录

　　In the natural world, almost all things are continuous rather than discrete.Humans in a natural environment have little difficulty with this reality. If it getstoo hot, we turn on the air-conditioner. If it gets too cold, we put a coat on. Butthere is no precise definition of "too hot" or "too cold"; rather, it depends totallyon the individuals intuitive judgment. Because language is our reflection of thereal world and our experience with it, it is inevitably fuzzy.　　The role of fuzzy language resides mainly in the following areas: enhancingflexibility, expanding the capacity of language to express the information andbroadening the language of the imagination, achieving a special effect, inparticular, enhancing the aesthetic value of literature. The following extractionexemplifies how fuzzy words （marked in bold face ） can be employed forevaluation:　　（10） This is an attractive idea while this analysis seemed intuitively appealing, its tpersuasiveness was weakened by lack of native-speaker discourse to serveas abaseline.　　Closely related to the concept of fuzziness is that of hedges, which, accordingto Lakoff （1972:183）, are "words and expressions whose job is to make thingsmore or less fuzzy". Hedges, with all their plentiful semantic features andpragmatic functions, serve to make the statement sound more mild, polite,flexible, and effective. We are safe in saying things like " Catherine is probablysomewhere in her thirties" because we do not need to give an exact figure, nor dowe have to shoulder extra responsibility for the truthfulness of our statements asthey alow a range of flexibility. Sometimes, tactful use of hedges becomes aprofessional requirement.

图书封面

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