交际法语言教学

作者简介

交际法语言教学：英文，ISBN：9787810468589，作者：（英）[布伦特]C.J.Brumfit，（英）[约翰逊]K.Johnson编著

书籍目录

Acknowledgements

Preface

SECTION ONE The linguistic background

SECTION TWO The background to teaching

SECTION THREE Applications and techniques

SECTION FOUR Methodological perspectives

Conclusion

APPENDIX Extracts from teaching materials

References

Index

章节摘录

　　which account for，rather than merely describe by means of 1ists，the structural possibilities of a language．Yet transformational grammar shares one fundamental characteristic with structural linguistics：it is the Importance given to the study of language structure．In Chomsky's model syntax remains central，and however much this model has changed the alms and techniques of linguistic study，the concern with syntactic structure remains．Linguistics--in Chomsky as in Bloomfield--　is by and large the study of language structure．Perhaps this is why transformational grammar，so revolutionary in linguistics．has had such little etfect on language teaching．After all，the most it can offer is alternative strategies for teaching grammar--new ways of teaching the same thing．　　l ne language teacher's emphasis on mastery of structure is，then．paralleled by a similar emphasis within linguistics．And in both fields a parallel reaction has taken place．It is a reaction against the view of language as a set of structures；lt is a reaction towards a view of 1anguage as communication，a view In which meaning and the uses to which language is put play a central part。In language teaching this reaction IS crystallizing ltself into the'communicative approach'which is the subJect of this volume，and our exploration of the background to this approach wilI take us into an investigation of the ways in which generallinguistic studies have manifested a parallel reaction．　A particularly powerful and 1ucid expression of discontent with thetransfbrmational view of linguistic study is found in Hymes'paper。On Communicative Competence'，quoted at length below．A large part of this paper is taken up with a discussion of two concepts centralto Chomsky's theory：the concepts of'competence'and'performflnce'．Hymes is critical of the way Chomsky uses these terms．and in thelatter part of his paper he formulates his own redefinition．　tor Chomsky it is'competence'defined as'the speaker-hearer's knowledge of his language'（1965：4）which is the prime concern oflinguistic theory．Competence is an idealization：it is the knowledgeof the'ideal speaker-listener'operating within'a completelv hom．geneous speech community'．It distinguishes itself from'performance'which is seen as'the actual use of language in concrete situations'．As tghomsky sayscand Hymes quotes），'a record of natural speech willshow numerous false starts，deviations from rules，changes of plan inmid-course，and so on'．In these senses performance represents bothan incomplete and a degenerate reflection of the ideal speaker．1istener'scompetence，and as such 1s considered to be of little relevance to thetheoretical and descriptive linguist．　In ItS original form Hymes'paper was delivered at a conference onlanguage development among disadvantaged children，　　……

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