商务统计基础

作者简介

《商务统计基础:英文(第3版影印版)》使用不超过中学代数水平的数学工具，通过典型的案例和问题，直接从基本原理出发来阐述统计的基本概念，是学生能够深刻的理解各种统计方法的理论背景和使用范围。

书籍目录

Chapter 1

An Introduction to Business Statistics

1.1   Populations and Samples 3

1.2   Selecting a Random Sample 4

1.3   Ratio, Interval, Ordinal, and Nominative Scales

of Measurement (Optional) 17

1.4   An Introduction to Survey Sampling (Optional) 18

1.5   More About Data Acquisition and Survey

Sampling (Optional) 20

MINITAB, Excel, and MegaStat for Statistics 29

Appendix 1.1   Getting Started with MINITAB 29

Appendix 1.2   Getting Started with Excel 36

Appendix 1.3   Getting Started with MegaStat 41

Appendix 1.4   Introduction to Internet Exercises 46

Chapter 2

Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods

2.1   Graphically Summarizing Qualitative Data 49

2.2   Graphically Summarizing Quantitative Data 56

2.3   Dot Plots 68

2.4   Stem-and-Leaf Displays 70

2.5   Crosstabulation Tables (Optional) 75

2.6   Scatter Plots (Optional) 81

2.7   Misleading Graphs and Charts (Optional) 84

Appendix 2.1   Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MINITAB 94

Appendix 2.2   Tabular and Graphical Methods Using Excel 102

Appendix 2.3   Tabular and Graphical Methods Using MegaStat 110

Chapter 3

Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Methods

3.1   Describing Central Tendency 115

3.2   Measures of Variation 125

3.3   Percentiles, Quartiles, and Box-and-Whiskers Displays 136

3.4   Covariance, Correlation, and the Least Squares Line (Optional) 144

3.5   Weighted Means and Grouped Data (Optional) 150

3.6   The Geometric Mean (Optional) 154

Appendix 3.1   Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MINITAB 162

Appendix 3.2   Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using Excel 164

Appendix 3.3   Numerical Descriptive Statistics Using MegaStat 168

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Chapter 4

Probability

4.1   The Concept of Probability 171

4.2   Sample Spaces and Events 173

4.3   Some Elementary Probability Rules 180

4.4   Conditional Probability and Independence 187

4.5   Bayes’ Theorem (Optional) 198

Chapter 5

Discrete Random Variables

5.1   Two Types of Random Variables 207

5.2   Discrete Probability Distributions 208

5.3   The Binomial Distribution 219

5.4   The Poisson Distribution (Optional) 230

Appendix 5.1   Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using MINITAB 238

Appendix 5.2   Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using Excel 239

Appendix 5.3   Binomial and Poisson Probabilities Using MegaStat 241

Chapter 6

Continuous Random Variables

6.1   Continuous Probability Distributions 243

6.2   The Uniform Distribution 245

6.3   The Normal Probability Distribution 248

6.4   Approximating the Binomial Distribution by Using the Normal Distribution

(Optional) 266

6.5   The Exponential Distribution (Optional) 270

6.6   The Normal Probability Plot (Optional) 273

Appendix 6.1   Normal Distribution Using MINITAB 279

Appendix 6.2   Normal Distribution Using Excel 281

Appendix 6.3   Normal Distribution Using MegaStat 282

Chapter 7

Sampling Distributions

7.1   The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 285

7.2   The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion 298

Appendix 7.1   Simulating Sampling Distributions Using MINITAB 307

Chapter 8

Confidence Intervals

8.1   z-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: s Known 309

8.2   t-Based Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean: s Unknown 317

8.3   Sample Size Determination 325

8.4   Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion 329

8.5   A Comparison of Confidence Intervals and Tolerance Intervals (Optional) 336

Appendix 8.1   Confidence Intervals Using MINITAB 342

Appendix 8.2   Confidence Intervals Using Excel 344

Appendix 8.3   Confidence Intervals Using MegaStat 345

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Chapter 9

Hypothesis Testing

9.1   The Null and Alternative Hypotheses and Errors in Hypothesis Testing 347

9.2   z Tests about a Population Mean: s Known 353

9.3   t Tests about a Population Mean: s Unknown 366

9.4   z Tests about a Population Proportion 371

9.5   Type II Error Probabilities and Sample Size Determination (Optional) 376

9.6   The Chi-Square Distribution (Optional) 382

9.7   Statistical Inference for a Population Variance (Optional) 383

Appendix 9.1   One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB 389

Appendix 9.2   One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel 391

Appendix 9.3   One-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat 392

Chapter 10

Statistical Inferences Based on Two Samples

10.1   Comparing Two Population Means by Using Independent Samples:

Variances Known 395

10.2   Comparing Two Population Means by Using Independent Samples:

Variances Unknown 401

10.3   Paired Difference Experiments 409

10.4   Comparing Two Population Proportions by Using Large, Independent Samples 417

10.5   Comparing Two Population Variances by Using Independent Samples 423

Appendix 10.1   Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MINITAB 434

Appendix 10.2   Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using Excel 437

Appendix 10.3   Two-Sample Hypothesis Testing Using MegaStat 438

Chapter 11

Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance

11.1   Basic Concepts of Experimental Design 441

11.2   One-Way Analysis of Variance 444

11.3   The Randomized Block Design 455

Appendix 11.1   Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MINITAB 466

Appendix 11.2   Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using Excel 467

Appendix 11.3   Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance Using MegaStat 468

Chapter 12

Chi-Square Tests

12.1   Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Tests 471

12.2   A Chi-Square Test for Independence 480

Appendix 12.1   Chi-Square Tests Using MINITAB 490

Appendix 12.2   Chi-Square Tests Using Excel 493

Appendix 12.3   Chi-Square Tests Using MegaStat 495

Chapter 13

Simple Linear Regression Analysis

13.1   The Simple Linear Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates 499

13.2   Model Assumptions and the Standard Error 514

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13.3   Testing the Significance of the Slope and y-Intercept 517

13.4   Confidence and Prediction Intervals 525

13.5   Simple Coefficients of Determination and Correlation 530

13.6   Testing the Significance of the Population Correlation Coefficient (Optional) 536

13.7   An F Test for the Model 537

13.8   Residual Analysis (Optional) 540

13.9   Some Shortcut Formulas (Optional) 554

Appendix 13.1   Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MINITAB 563

Appendix 13.2   Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using Excel 564

Appendix 13.3   Simple Linear Regression Analysis Using MegaStat 566

Chapter 14

Multiple Regression and Model Building

14.1   The Multiple Regression Model and the Least Squares Point Estimates 569

14.2   Model Assumptions and the Standard Error 581

14.3   R2 and Adjusted R2 583

14.4   The Overall F Test 585

14.5   Testing the Significance of an Independent Variable 587

14.6   Confidence and Prediction Intervals 591

14.7   Using Dummy Variables to Model Qualitative Independent Variables 594

14.8   Model Building and the Effects of Multicollinearity 606

14.9   Residual Analysis in Multiple Regression 614

Appendix 14.1   Multiple Regression Analysis Using MINITAB 625

Appendix 14.2   Multiple Regression Analysis Using Excel 627

Appendix 14.3   Multiple Regression Analysis Using MegaStat 629

Appendix A

Statistical Tables 632

Appendix B

Counting Rules 653

Appendix C

The Hypergeometric Distribution 655

Answers to Most Odd-Numbered Exercises 656

References 662

Photo Credits 664

Index 665

Chapter 15 Process Improvement Using Control Charts On Website

Appendix D Two-Way Analysis of Variance On Website

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