对真理与解释的探究
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出版社:中国人民大学出版社
出版日期:2007-7
ISBN:9787300080277
作者:唐纳德·戴维森
页数:365页
作者简介
本书收入了作者有关语言哲学的系列论文，自1984年出版后，本书成为讨论语言哲学的参照点以及相关争论的焦点，其影响已扩展到语言理论、心灵哲学和认识论。
本书讨论的核心问题是，语词为什么具有它们所确实具有的意义。作者认为，哲学上有教益的意义理论应当承认对语言理解的整体论性质，它应当能够解释一个说话者或一群说话者所有实际的和潜在的话语；而它不应当依赖于它所要解释的概念，因为它应当是独立于说话者具体的命题态度而可证实的。本书所涵盖的论题包括了真理论与意义论之间的关系、翻译、引语、信念、彻底的解释、指称、隐喻、交流等。
书籍目录
论文出处第二版序言导论真理与意义 论文1 意义理论与可学会的语言（1965年） 论文2 真理与意义（1967年） 论文3 对事实为真（1969年） 论文4 自然语言的语义学（1970年） 论文5 为约定T辩护（1973年）应用 论文6 引语（1979年） 论文7 论说出（that）（1968年） 论文8 语气和履行（1979年）彻底的解释 论文9 彻底的解释（1973年） 论文10 信念与意义的基础（1974年） 论文11 思想与言谈（1975年） 论文12 对福斯特的答复（1976年）语言与实在 论文13 论概念图式这一观念（1974年） 论文14 形而上学中的真理方法（1977年） 论文15 无指称的实在（1977年） 论文16 指称的不可理喻性（1979年）字面意义的限度 论文17 隐喻的含义（1978年） 论文18 交流与约定（1984年） 论文10 附录 答复戴维·刘易斯和蒯因（1974年）参考文献索引中文版后记
内容概要
唐纳德·戴维森（Donald Dayidson）是美国加州大学伯克利分校的哲学教授。他出生于麻省斯普菲尔德（springfield，Massachusetts），就读于哈佛大学，获得古典哲学的博士学位，期间于1942—1945年在美国海军服役。他曾任斯坦福大学、普林斯顿大学、洛克菲勒大学和芝加哥大学哲学教授，1981年起任教于加州大学伯克利分校。他是美国艺术与科学研究院成员、美国科学促进会会员、英国学术院通讯院士。
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精彩书评 (总计1条)
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In the essay, we will discuss the problem whether Davidson understands what Kuhn means by “incommensurable”?At the beginning of this book, the background should be mentioned that the term “incommensurability” —meaning the impossibility of comparison by a common measure —has its origin in mathematics, but its current philosophical usage dates back to Kuhn. Hard as it may be to credit, in my opinion, the incommensurability thesis has been one of the main sources of relativistic interpretations of Kuhn. In fact, Kuhn discusses the term "incommensurability" in more details in the postscript of his book. He says that “men who hold incommensurable viewpoints (should) be thought of as members of different language communities.” It clearly shows that Kuhn’s relativism rests on his assumption that scientific theories cannot be compared or assessed independently of the paradigms in which they are embedded, and each paradigm acts as a unique language. This is why Kuhn is criticized by Davidson. To illustrate the paradoxical view he criticizes, Davidson argues that “according to Kuhn, scientists operating in different scientificend traditions (within different 'paradigms') work in different worlds.” Therefore, here is an odd that if there is at most one world, “these pluralities are metaphorical or merely imagined.” However, Kuhn actually gives his another clearest assertion. In the postscript of the book, he says that “only philosophers have seriously misconstrued the intent of these parts of my argument.” When we try to find the mistake made by these “philosophers”, Kuhn presents another deeper problem. He claims how two men can hope to talk together under the incommensurable viewpoints. To this question, Kuhn puts out his view that “what the participants in a communication breakdown can do is (to) recognize each other as members of different language communities and then become translators.” Obviously, “translation” as a method has broken through the dilemma caused by incommensurability. So we can say that Kuhn does not equate incommensurability with a total breakdown of translation. Whereas, in Dacidson’s opinion, ‘incommensurable’ is not ‘intertranslatable’ in Kuhn’s words. He goes on to argue that we could never be in a position to judge others who use radical concepts distinct from ours. In his book, he says that “conceptual relativism…are not so extreme but that the changes and the contrasts can be explained and described using the equipment of a single language.” It can be inferred that Dacidson and Kuhn arrive at the same conclusion. In a word, Davidson misunderstands what Kuhn means by “incommensurable”.
精彩短评 (总计4条)
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非常喜欢的一本法哲学经典书目 -
戴维森的哲学中带有一种现代少有的、真正的思辨精神。或许正是因此他的哲学理论让人感到难以理解。但这并不妨碍他的理论被冠以伟大的称谓。“中华民族历来具有海纳百川别的胸怀”，但事实上，我们的民族belly在变大，胸怀却小了。 -
翻的还不错。但当今看戴维森东西的都会英文吧。 -
这是一本论文集，是关于意义、真理、解释和实在方面的。对于想要了解戴维森意义和真的理论，死必不可少的。