神经科学百科全书4

作者简介

《神经科学百科全书4:神经递质与受体(影印版)》内容简介：《神经科学百科全书》原书篇幅巨大，为所有神经科学百科全书之首。由来自世界各地的2400多位专家撰稿人合力打造，覆盖了神经科学全部主要领域。书中每个词条在收入书中之前均经过顾问委员会的同行评议，词条中均含有词汇表、引言、参考文献和丰富的交叉参考内容。

书籍目录

神经递质与受体Astrocyte: Neurotransmitter and Hormone ReceptorsCotransmissionNeuropeptides and CoexistenceNeurotransmitter and Hormone Receptors on Oligodendrocytes and Schwann CellsNeurotransmitters and Growth Factors: OverviewNitric Oxide氨基酸与嘌呤AdenosineAdenosine Triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as a NeurotransmitterAMPA Receptor Cell Biology/TraffickingAMPA Receptors: DiseaseAMPA Receptors: Molecular Biology and PharmacologyCalcium Waves: Purinergic RegulationD-Serine: From Its Synthesis in Giial Cell to Its Action on Synaptic Transmission and PlasticityGABA Synthesis and MetabolismGABAA Receptor Synaptic FunctionsGABAA Receptors and DiseaseGABAA Receptors: Developmental RolesGABAA Receptors: Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and PharmacologyGABAB Receptor FunctionGABAn Receptors: Molecular Biology and PharmacologyGamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)Glial Glutamate Transporters: ElectrophysiologyGlutamateGlutamate Receptor Clusters: Narp, EphB2 Receptor, StargazinGlutamate Receptor Organization: Ultrastructural InsightsGlutamate Regulation of Dendritic Spine Form and FunctionGlutamatergic and Gabaergic SystemsGlycine Receptors: Molecular and Cell BiologyHerbal Products and GABA ReceptorsKainate Receptor FunctionsKainate Receptors: Molecular and Cell BiologyLong-Term Depression (LTD): Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) and NMDAR-Dependent FormsLong-Term Potentiation (LTP): NMDA Receptor RoleLong-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Experience-Dependent PlasticityMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs): FunctionsMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs): Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Cell BiologyNMDA Receptor Function and Physiological ModulationNMDA Receptors and DevelopmentNMDA Receptors and DiseaseNMDA Receptors, Cell Biology and TraffickingP2X ReceptorsPharmacology of Sleep: AdenosinePostsynaptic Density/Architecture at Excitatory SynapsesPurinergic ReceptorsPurines and Purinoceptors: Molecular Biology OverviewTransporter Proteins in Neurons and Glia胺与乙酰胆碱Acetylchollne Neurotransmission in CNSAcetylcholinesteraseAcetylchollnesterase Inhibitors and Alzheimer's DiseaseAdenosine Receptor Mediated FunctionsAdrenergic ReceptorsAmphetaminesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and DopamineAversive Emotions: Genetic Mechanisms of SerotoninBrain Adrenergic NeuronsCells: 5-Hydroxytryptamine ReceptorsCholinergic Neurotransmission in the Autonomic and Somatic Motor Nervous System.Chollnergic Pathways in CNSCholinergic SystemDopamineDopamine-CNS Pathways and NeurophysiologyDopamlne Control of ArousalDopanune in PerspectiveDopannne Neurons: Reward and UncertaintyDopannne Receptors and Antipsychotic Drugs in Health and DiseaseDopannne: Cellular ActionsDopaminergic Agonists and L-DOPAHistamine Receptors and their Ligands: Mechanisms and Applications3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy")Monoamine Transporters: Focus on the Regulation of Serotonin Transporter by CytokinesMonoaminesMonoamines: Human Brain ImagingMonoamines: Release StudiesMuscarinic Receptors: Autonomic NeuronsNeurolepticsNeutrotransmission and Neuromodulation: AcetylcholineNicotineNicotinic Aeetylcholine ReceptorsNicotinic Receptors: Autonomic NeuronsNoradrcnalineNorepinephrine: Adrenergic ReceptorsNorcpinephrine: CNS Pathways and NeurophysiologyOctopamine and Other Monoamines in InvertebratesSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): Neurotransmissionand NeuromodulationSerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): CNS Pathways and NeurophysiologySerotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): ReceptorsSerotonin and the Regulation of Mammalian Circadian RhythmsSerotonin-Related Psychedelic DrugsSleep-Wake State Regulation by AcetylcholineSympathomimetic Drugs and Adrenergic Receptor AntagonistsTrace Monoamines and Receptors in Mammalian CNS原书词条中英对照表

前言

什么是百科全书？这一名词来自于两个希腊单词：enkuklios（意思是循环的）和paideia（意思是教育）。在16世纪早期，拉丁手稿的抄写者们将这两个单词合而为一，其在英语中演化为一个单词，意思是具有广泛指导意义的工具书（The American Heritage Dictionary，2000，Boston：Houghton：Mifflin，p.589）。从其来源可见，其希腊文原词中蕴含着以探索、综合的方式努力获取知识的含义。无论是拉丁文还是英文，该单词泛指涵盖广泛领域知识的工具书。希腊文中强调的以创造性手段获取知识，在神经科学领域尤其适用。神经科学本身就是一个非常新的名词。Francis Schmitt在本书第一版的前言中指出，本书的编写过程就是将不同领域的科学家们聚集在一起，冲击大脑研究中最顽固的难题。他推动建立了神经科学研究项目（Neuroscience Research Program，简称NRP）。早期的NRP成员包括一些学术巨匠，如因关于光合作用的研究获得诺贝尔奖的Melvin Calvin、诺贝尔奖获得者物理化学家Manfred Eigen、生物化学家Albert L,ehninger，和当时正在努力破解基因编码的年轻分子生物学家Marshall Nirenberg。Schmitt建立NRP的时候，神经科学作为一门综合学科还几乎不存在。微电极的发明使神经生理学家们得以记录单细胞的电活动，但是几乎不可能甄别其生物化学特性。一个重要的推进来自20世纪60年代中期涌现的Falck.Hillarp荧光显微镜技术，它能够选择性地观察儿茶酚胺和5一羟色胺能神经元。这些胺类通路的研究又很快使得检测选择性损伤后效应的行为学家们和生化学家们开始合作研究，使得后者的工作不再局限于在整个脑组织匀浆的水平研究神经递质。20世纪70年代关于神经递质受体的生化研究、它们位点的放射自显影研究，以及神经多肽的免疫组织化学研究，更是进一步促进了神经生理学家、神经解剖学家、神经化学家和神经药理学家们的对话。而过去两个世纪以来，分子生物学技术手段的应用更加丰富了这一交流。神经科学的爆炸性发展也体现在神经科学学会（Society。for Neuroscience，SFN）的历史上。SFN于1970年（译者注：SFN网站中所写的时间为1969年）由几百名研究人员在华盛顿特区

内容概要

编者：（美国）斯奎尔（Larry R.Squire）

章节摘录

插图：For many years, the understanding of neurotransmis-sion has been dominated by the concept that oneneuron releases only a single transmitter, known as'Dale's Principle.' This idea arose from a widelyadopted misinterpretation of Dale's suggestion in1935 that the same neurotransmitter was stored inand released from all terminals of a single neuron, asuggestion which did not specifically preclude thepossibility that more than one transmitter may beassociated with the same neuron. Several lines of evi-dence emerged which were inconsistent with the sin-gle transmitter concept, and it is now known thatindividual neurons contain and can release a largenumber and variety of substances which are capableof influencing target cells. This phenomenon of'cotransmission' is widespread, involving virtuallyall known transmitter systems.  Early hints of cotransmission came in the 1950swith evidence for the involvement of both noradren-aline （NA） and acetylcholine （ACh） in sympathetictransmission. Koelle identified acetylcholinesterase insome adrenergic neurons in 1955, while Burn andRand introduced the concept of a 'cholinergic' linkin adrenergic transmission in 1959. Another line ofevidence provided by Hillarp concerned the coexis-tence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate （ATP） with cate-cholamines, first in adrenal chromaffin Cells and laterin sympathetic nerves. Inconsistencies in the singletransmitter hypothesis provided by these and otherstudies from the early literature were rationalized inan article by Burnstock in 1976 with the provocativetitle,"Do some nerve cells release more than one trans-mitter？" Today it is widely accepted that cotransmis-sion is an integral feature of neurotransmission.   A role for ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic,parasympathetic, sensory-motor, and enteric nonadre-nergic, noncholinergic （NANC） inhibitory nerves wassupported by research from Burnstock and colleagues,while H6kfelt and colleagues focused on the co-localization, vesicular storage, and release of peptidesfrom both peripheral and central nerves.

图书封面

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