吾国与吾民
出版社:外语教学与研究出版社
出版日期:2000-02
ISBN:9787560014227
作者:林语堂
页数:343页
作者简介
《吾国与吾民》是林语堂第一部在美国引起巨大反响的英文著作。林氏在该书中用坦率幽默的笔调、睿智通达的语言娓娓道出了中国人的道德、精神状态与向往，以及中国的社会、文艺与生活情趣。在本书中他发挥自己“两脚踏东西文化”的优势，常用中西比较的眼光看问题。
该书于1935年――林氏举家旅美前夕――由赛珍珠夫妇的The John Day Company出版。赛氏亲自撰写序言，誉其为“最真实、最深入、最完整、最重要的一本关于中国的书”。美国的书评家T.F.Opie甚至说：“不管是了解古老的或是现代的中国，只要读一本《吾国与吾民》就足够了。”
书籍目录
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
PREFACE
Part One: BASES
PROLOGUE
Chapter One THE CHINESE PEOPLE
I. NORTH AND SOUTH
II. DEGENERATION
III. INFUSION OF NEW BLOOD
IV. CULTURAL STABILITY
V. RACIAL YOUTH
Chapter Two THE CHINESE CHARACTER
I. MELLOWNESS
II. PATIENCE
III. INDIFFERENCE
IV. OLD ROGUERY
V. PACIFISM
VI. CONTENTMENT
VII. HUMOR
VIII. CONSERVATISM
Chapter Three THE CHINESE MIND
I. INTELLIGENCE
II. FEMININITY
III. LACK OF SCIENCE
IV. LOGIC
V. INTUITION
VI. IMAGINATION
Chapter Four IDEALS OF LIFE
I. CHINESE HUMANISM
II. RELIGION
III. THE DOCTRINE OF THE GOLDEN MEAN
IV. TAOISM
V. BUDDHISM
Part Two: LIFE
PROLOGUE TO PART TWO
Chapter Five WOMAN'S LIFE
I. THE SUBECTION OF WOMEN
II. HOME AND MARRIAGE
III. IDEAL OF WOMANHOOD
IV. EDUCATION OF OUR DAUGHTERS
V. LOVE AND COURTSHIP
VI. THE COURTESAN AND CONCUBINAGE
VII. FOOTBINDING
VIII. EMANCIPATION
Chapter Six SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE
I. ABSENCE OF THE SOCIAL MIND
II. THE FAMILY SYSTEM
III. NEPOTISM, CORRUPTION AND MANNERS
IV. PRIVILEGE AND EQUALITY
V. SOCIAL CLASSES
VI. THE MALE TRIAD
VII. THE FEMALE TRIAD
VIII. THE VILLAGE SYSTEM
IX. "GOVERNMENT BY GENTLEMEN"
Chapter Seven LITERARY LIFE
I. A DISTINCTION
II. LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT
III. SCHOLARSHIP
IV. THE COLLEGE
V. PROSE
VI. LITERATURE AND POLITICS
VII. LITERARY REVOLUTION
VIII. POETRY
IX. DRAMA
X. THE NOVEL
XI. INFLUENCE OF WESTERN LITERATURE
Chapter Eight THE ARTISTIC LIFE
I. THE ARTIST
II. CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY
III. PAINTING
IV. ARCHITECTURE
Chapter Nine THE ART OF LIVING
I. THE PLEASURES OF LIFE
II. HOUSE AND GARDEN
III. EATING AND DRINKING
IV. THE END OF LIFE
Appendix I. CHINESE DYNASTIES
Appendix II. A NOTE ON THE SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION OF CHINESE NAMES
编辑推荐
《吾国与吾民》是林语堂第一部在美国引起巨大反响的英文著作。林氏在该书中用坦率幽默的笔调、睿智通达的语言娓娓道出了中国人的道德、精神状态与向往，以及中国的社会、文艺与生活情趣。在本书中他发挥自己“两脚踏东西文化”的优势，常用中西比较的眼光看问题。
内容概要
林语堂(1895.10.3——1976.3.26)福建龙溪人。原名和乐，后改玉堂，又改语堂。1912年入上海圣约翰大学，毕业后在清华大学任教。1919年秋赴美哈佛大学文学系。1922 年获文学硕士学位。同年转赴德国入莱比锡大学，专攻语言学。1923年获博士学位后回国，任北京大学教授、北京女子师范大学教务长和英文系主任。1924年后为《语丝》主要撰稿人之一。1926年到厦门大学任文学院长。1927年任外交部秘书。1932年主编《论语》半月刊。1934年创办《人间世》，1935年创办《宇宙风》，提倡“以自我为中心，以闲适为格调”的小品文。1935年后，在美国用英文写《吾国与吾民》、《京华烟云》、《风声鹤唳》等文化著作和长篇小说。 1944年曾一度回国到重庆讲学。1945年赴新加坡筹建南洋大学，任校长。1952年在美国与人创办《天风》杂志。1966年定居台湾。1967年受聘为香港中文大学研究教授。1975年被推举为国际笔会副会长。1976年在香港逝世。
媒体关注与评论
本书是林语堂先生第一部在美国引起巨大反响的英文著作。赛珍珠誉其为“最真实、最深入、最重要的一本关于中国的书”。美国的书评家T.F.Opie甚至说：“不管是了解古老的或是现代的中国，只要读一本《吾国与吾民》就足够了。”请看……
图书封面
发布书评
精彩书评 (总计15条)
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My Country and My People"Only with that detachment and that simplicity of mind can one understand a foreign nation."PROLOGUE"Only through the sorrows of men and the weeping of women can we truly understand a nation."PROLOGUEThe real question of physicl and moral health in man as well as in animals is how well he is able to do his work and enjoy his life, and how fit he is yet to survive. ii. DEGENERATION, CHAPTER ONEChinese family system, complete absence of established classes, the opportunity open for all to rise in the social scale through the imperial examination system, the pursuit of simplicity, that together serve as cultural forces making for social stability.iv. CULTRUAL STABILITY, CHAPTER ONEThat process of trying to rise higher teaches him some memorable lessons of life and human nature, and if he escapes all that experience and remains a round-eyed, innocent, hot-headed young man at thirty, still enthusiastic for progress and reform, he is either an inspired idiot or a confounded genius.i. MELLOWNESS, CHAPTER TWOOnce the emperor, T'ang Kaochung, asked him the secret of his success, and the minister asked for a brush and paper, on which he wrote a hundred times the character "patience"or "endurance."ii. PATIENCE, CHAPTER TWOThe Chinese people take to indifference as Englishmen take to umbrellas, because the political weather always looks a little ominous for the individual who ventures a little too far out alone, in other words, indifference has a distinct "survival-value" in China.One can be public-spirited when there is a guarantee for personal rights, and one's only look-out is the libel law. When these rights are not protected, however, our instinct of self-preservation tells us that indifference is our best constitutional guarantee for personal liberty.iii.PATIENCE, CHAPTER TWOTaoism, in theory and practice, means a certain roguish nonchalance, a confounded and devastating skepticism, a mocking laughter at the futility of all human interference and the failure of all human institutions, laws, government and marriage, and a certain disbelief in idealism, not so much because of lack of energy as because of a lack of faith. It is a philosophy which counteracts the positivism of Confucius, and serves as a safety-valve for the imperfections of a Confucian society.The Chinese are by nature greater Taoists than they are by culture Confucianists. As a people, we are great enough to draw up an imperial code, based on the conception of essential justice, but we are also great enough to distrust lawyers and courts. Ninety-five per cent of legal troubles are settled out of court. We are great enough to make elaborate rules of ceremony, but we are also great enough to treat them as part of the great joke of life, which explains the great feasting and merry-making at Chinese funerals. We are greta enough to denounce vice, but we are also great enough not to be surprised or disturbed by it. We are great enough to start successive waves of revolutions, but we are also great enough to compromise and go back to the previous patterns of government. We are great enough to elaborate a perfect system of official impeachment and civil service and traffic regulations and library reading-room rules, but we are also play with them, and become superior to them. We do not teach our young in the colleges a course of political science, showing how a government is supposed to be run, but we teach them by daily example how our municipal, provincial and central governments are actually run. We have no use for impracticable idealism, as we have no patience for doctrinaire theology. We do not teach them to behave like the sons of God, but we teach them to behave like sane, normal human beings. iv. OLD ROGUERY, CHAPTER TWOEven if a cataclysmic upheaval like a communistic regime should come, the old tradition of individuality, toleration, moderation and common sense will break Communism and change it beyond recognition, rather than Communism with its socialistic, impersonal and rigoristic outlook break the old tradition. It must be so.viii. CONSERVATISM, CHAPTER TWOTranslation from English into Chinese is hardest in scientific treatises, while translation from Chinese into English is hardest in poetry and decortive prose, where every word contains an image.ii. FEMININITY, CHAPTER THREEThe true end, the Chinese have decided in a singularly clear manner, lies in the enjoyment of a simple life, especially the family life, and in harmonious social relationships.If one cannot believe in the life hereafter as the consummation of the present life, one is forced to make the most of this life before the farce is over.i. CHINESE HUMUNISM, CHAPTER FOUREvery Chinese is a Confucianist when he is successful and a Taoist when he is a failure.iv.TAOISM, CHAPTER FOURIn theory at least, Confucius did not mean family consciousness to degenerate into a form of magnigied selfishness at the cost of social integrity. He did, in his moral system, also allow for a certain amount of ultra-domestic kindness.ii,THE FAMILY SYSTEM, CHAPTER SIXIn Chinese towns there was always a male Triad: the magistrate, the gentry and the local rich, (and bandit) besides the female Triad of Face, Fate and Favor.vi. THE MALE TRIAD, CHAPTER SIXBook of Rites: "Courtesy is not extended to the commoners, and punishment is not served up to the lords."Practically, this turn-about-face has been noticed in every modern successful Chinese revolutionist. He clamps down his iron heel on the freedom of the press more energetically than the militarist he denounced while in his revolutionary apprenticeship.It seems that while it is impossible to define face, it is nevertheless certain that until everybody loses his face in this country, China will not become a truly democratic country. The question is , when will the officials be willing to lose theirs?vii. THE FEMALE TRIAD, CHAPTER SIXThe so-called village or town local government is invisible. It has no visible body of authority like the mayor or councilors. It is governed really morally by the elders by virtue of their great age, and by the gentry by virtue of their knowledge of law and history.vii. THE VILLAGE SYSTEM, CHAPTER SIXAccording to Hanfeitse, the beginning of political wisdom lies in rejecting all moral platitudes and in shunning all efforts at moral reforms. I believe the sooner we stop talking about moral reforms of the people, the sooner shall we be able to give China a clean government.It is still true today that we have too few public citizens and too many private individuals and the reason is to be found in the lack of adequate legal protection. It has nothing to do with morals. The evil lies in the system. When it is too dangerous for a man to be too public-spirited, it is natural that he should take an apathetic attitude toward national affairs, and when there is no punishment for greedy and corrupt offcials, it is too much to ask of human nature that they should not be corrupt.But until that change is complete, the Chinese government will always be like an unbusinesslike company, always profitable for the manager and staff, but disheartening for the stockholders who are the common people.ix. GOVERNMENT BY GENTILMEN, CHAPTER SIXChinese art shows a taste and finesse and understanding of tone and harmony that distinguish the best products of the human spirit.i. THE ARTIST, CHAPTER EIGHTChinese painting is closely related, in spirit and technique, to Chinese calligraphy and Chinese poetry.Calligraphy gave it its technique, the initial twist which determined its future development, and Chinese poetry lent it its spirit.iii. PAINTING, CHAPTER EIGHTThe important thing about women's dress is not fineness of material but neatness, not gorgeous beauty but elegance, not that it agrees with her family standing but that it agrees with her face.i. THE PLEASURES OF LIFE, CHAPTER NINEHarmony, irregularity, surprise, concealment and suggestion-- these are some of the principles of Chinese garden-planting, as they are of other forms of chinese art.ii. HOUSE AND GARDEN, CHAPTER NINEIn China the spiritual values have not been separated from the material values, but rather help man in a keener enjoyment of life as it falls to our lot.I like spring, but it is too young. I like summer, but it is too proud. So I like best of all autumn, because its leaves are a little yellow, its tone mellower, its colors richer, and it is tinged a little with sorrow and a premonition of death. Its golden richness speaks not of the innocence of spring, nor of the power of summer, but of the mellowness and kindly wisdom of approaching age. It knows the limitations of life and is content. From a knowledge of those limitations and its richness of experience emerges a symphony of colors, richer than all, its green speaking of life and strength, its orange speaking of golden content and is purple of resignation and death. And the moon shines over it, and its brow seems white with reflection, but when the setting sun touches it with an evening glow, it can still laugh cheerily. An early mountain breeze brushes by and sends its shivering leaves dancing gayly to the ground, and you do not know whether the song of the falling leaves is the song of laughter or of parting tears. For it is the Song of the Spirit of Early Autumn, the spirit of calm and wisdom and maturity, which smiles at sorrow itself and praises the exhilarating, keen, cool air--the Spirit of Autumn so well expressed by Hsin Ch'ichi:In my young days,i had tasted only gladness,But loved to mount the top floor,But loved to mount the top floor,To write a song pretending sadness.And now I've tastedSorrow's flavors, bitter and sour,And can't find a word,And can't find a word,But merely say, "What a golden autumn hour!"end of the book -
买了得有十年了，买的时候压根是看不懂的，第一页被我至少标了三十个生词，纸品和印刷....只能说不能苛求10年前出版物的品质。删节的事确实是很annoying，恨也没办法！ -
Many years have passed since Lin wrote euthaisitically about his conception of what China is really about: not the fancy of Shangrila or dreaded people who fight with modernity. That's a time of change: the intellectual and the average are willing to embrace all kinds of remedies to reglorify their beloved homeland.It is shocking yet sorrowful to know that in these days, with so facilitated communication system, we and the western have still so much confused and misunderstood as it won't change anything at all during the past agony of China.Guess what would happen if Lin were to come to present day China? He probaly can't recognize it in first instant. However with keeping a more close eye on what the people live, talk and love, he would defintely smeil. The essentials are unchanged, for they are unseen, disguise in mask of skycrapper and automobile so that only a intelligent mind like that of Lin can tell of the true prediction or the inheritance of Chinese mind and China's spirit into the new generation of Super Girls or Rave Part.
精彩短评 (总计50条)
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摯友的禮品啊~哈哈~看過中文的，讀得很草率其實…… -
不是写给中国人看的 -
非常有意思的书~ -
毛毛捧着京华烟云，pep端着春秋大义，阅读算不算一项集体活动 -
说中国的事情，用地道的英语，对中国人学习英语很有帮助，对中国人认识自己也有参考作用 -
初中读过 -
对中国人的分析很透彻，成书将近八十年了，但结合现在中国人的思想、中国社会的结构，真的仍然有入木三分的感觉。不可多得的好书。 -
写的不错，就是读起来有点累 -
好书！ -
觉得不怎么样 不过读了有助于中译英~ -
感觉林氏对于中国某些方面的了解还不够啊。不过已经很透彻了呢。给外国人看也是了解中国的好途径。 -
05年度过，后重读。 -
先生用介绍中国的习俗、文化、事物可谓信手拈来，文章简单又深刻，可读性也很高。 -
林先生~ -
在学生时代，外研社的不少印刷干净，价格便宜的读物是我最喜欢买的书的类型。由于是大陆官方出版物，书的内容有被阉割的部分。林大师的文字功底让人叹服，其中不少句子成了日后中国人形象的经典描绘。 -
英文的，以我如此渣的英文……就不要指望什么了。 -
“...a readable though somewhat idealized presentation of traditional upper-class intellectual and aesthetic values.” -
不是只有唱红歌才叫爱国 -
林语堂的英文好到他说话如此尖锐刻薄而对英语的掌握尚肤浅的你可能还以为他是在褒奖中国文化。与之相对应的是辜鸿铭，以高超的英语遣词造句能力把西方文化炮轰得体无完肤，而把中国神秘的东方文化吹捧得如此自信与骄傲你甚至真的有了大清王朝天朝上上国的虚荣感。两相比较，荒谬感至此！ -
太生动了！ -
上大学时囫囵读过，确实是本不错的书——站在外国人的角度审视国民性格 -
磨蹭了很久,终于开始逐渐进入看书的状态 -
语言浅显，思想很深 -
Now some people are making the discovery that the west was even a better social consciousness and better social manners.That is a large morsel for an old and proud nation to swallow,but perhaps China is big enough to swallow it. -
大学的时候读了一个寒假 -
到位 -
中文版应该很有名，《中国人》。 -
虽然人人见解不同，但我个人认为此书对于国人的性格和行为动机的分析是相当精确的。 -
在老师家看完的。。。。。。 -
也许是我弱爆了...总感觉那个时代的人写的英语怪怪的... -
master language~ -
这个也是，呵呵 -
现在的社会和几十年前描写的社会，并无本质区别。 -
高中时读的，纯英文，有些费力 -
相隔近百年仍能从书中看到许多现代人的影子~民族性这种事情还真是根深蒂固不易改变的~ -
林先生版论中国之人性 -
大师的英文，只能说佩服的五体投地，当初我英语学习看的最初的几本英文原著吧，从中学到了好多英文 -
林大师的书不用多做评价，只是说个小插曲，书才出的时候国内有些激进分子批他为卖country and 卖 people. -
中国人有这样好的文笔，估计现在也找不出几个，真是膜拜。中国人的本性被他看得透透彻彻，奇人！ -
wish i could get the unabridged version someday -
大师果然是大师.. 倘若他知晓70多年后的天朝还是走不出他当年描绘的框架,不知他会作何感受.. -
一人中国人将英语写出这样的水平，确实厉害。 -
学友书店，六块买入，几乎全新。林语堂的英文造诣不用多说，词汇量之大用词之精准难以望其项背，行文流畅娓娓道来，看着时间很快就过去了，许多观点放在今天仍不过时。（这版封面实在太丑，且有删节） -
两脚踏中西，一本原文够了。 -
拖拖拉拉3个多月，终于读完了。Marvellous!Marvellous! -
此时回想才发觉少年时候读些书总喜欢囫囵吞枣，于是也就忘了书中精髓。但林语堂在当时那个年代少有的犀利劲儿还是记得的·· -
边查单词边走神，恕我英文水平实在渣。。 -
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H319.4/4939-3 -
惊为天人之作……英语娴熟的不可想象 -
完全读不下去 跟胡适的完全两样 胡适的英语读着非常舒服 喜欢用非常正规的拉丁词 林语堂的英语估计是教会学校看圣经学的 古里古怪 再说道内容 非常无趣浅薄