西方思想经典阅读

作者简介

《新编研究生英语系列教材•西方思想经典阅读》为系列教材之一。《新编研究生英语系列教材•西方思想经典阅读》选取古希腊罗马一直讲到二十世纪各个时期的经典（英文）原著，力求从总体上勾勒出西方人文思想的发展脉络，反映西方历史文化的一个侧面。西方人文思潮是西方文明数千年发展的积累，是西方文化的精华。学习西方思想文化典籍，阅读西方宗教、政治、社会、经济、科学、哲学及人文思潮领域里有代表性的论著，有助于学生从宏观上了解和把握西方人文思潮的发展脉络，提高对西方历史文化的整体认识，改善知识结构，提高综合素质。

在介绍西方思想的同时，本教材提供了相应的中国人文背景，增加了大量图片，提供尽可能多的背景介绍和大量的中英文注释，以帮助提高阅读速度。

书籍目录

Unit t The Christian BiblePart One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Genesis　　Gospel According to MatthewPart Three Compare with China　　Chinese Creation StoriesPart Four Supplementary Reading　　How Is Religion Different from Science and Superstition?Unit 2 Greek & Roman Sages (1)Part One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Socrates: The Apology　　Plato: The RepublicPart Three Compare with China　　The "Axial Age"Part Four Supplementary Reading　　The Teacher as MidwifeUnit 3 Greek & Roman Sages (2)Part One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Aristotle: The Politics　　Cicero: On the LawsPart Three Compare with China　　Great Learning and the Mean Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Cicero Quotes Unit 4 Medieval Christian Church Fathers Part One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　St. Augustine: The Enchiridion 　　St. Thomas Aquinas: Summa Contra Gentiles Part Three Compare with China　　Nee-Confucianism and Later Confucian Philosophy Part Four Supplementary Reading　　St. Thomas Aquinas Unit 5 Renaissance Adventurers Part One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　Christopher Columbus: Journal and Letter 　　Nicolb Machiavelli: The Prince Part Three Compare with China　　Rise and Fall of 15th Century Chinese Seapower Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Criticism against and Hail for Columbus Unit 6 Religious Reformation Part One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　Martin Luther: An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate 　　John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion Part Three Compare with China　　Wang Yangming and Matteo Ricci's Progression to ChinaPart Four Supplementary Reading　　95 Theses by Martin LutherUnit 7 Modern Scientific Thinking (1)Part One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Francis Bacon: Novum Organum　　Rene Descartes: Discourse on MethodPart Three Compare with China　　Matteo Ricci: The Art of PrintingPart Four Supplementary Reading　　Calculating Machines in China and Europe in the 17th Century -- The Western ViewUnit 8 Modern Scientific Thinking (2)Part One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina　　Isaac Newton: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy　　OpticsPart Three Compare with China　　Development of Science in Ancient ChinaPart Four Supplementary Reading　　Critical ThinkingUnit 9 Modern Political sciencePart One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan　　John Locke: Of Civil Government　Part Three Compare with China　　Locke Talking about China and the Chinese 　Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Political Controversies in 17th-Century England Unit 10 Chassical Liberalism　Part One Warm-up Activities 　Part Two Basic Readings 　　Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 　　John Stuart Mill: On Liberty 　Part Three Compare with China　　Western Images of China 　Part Four Supplementary Reading　　The Declaration of Independence 　　United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Unit 11 Anti-Liberalism　Part One Warm-up Activities 　Part Two Basic Readings　　Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences 　　Friedrich Nietzsche: The Will to Power 　Part Three Compare with China　　From Western Liberalism to Asian Communitarianism 　Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France Unit i2 EvolutionistsPart One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　Thomas Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of Population　　Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species (1859) 　　The Descent of Man Part Three Compare with China　　Warning Voice of Social Darwinism in Early 20th-Century　　China Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Autobiography of Charles Darwin Unit 13 Socialism and CommunismPart One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Manifesto of the Communist Party 　　Eduard Bernstein: Evolutionary Socialism Part Three Compare with China　　Karl Marx on China Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Lenin: Marxism and Revisionism Unlt 4 Early 20th Century: Man &SocietyPart One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings 　　Sigmund Freud: An Outline of Psychoanalysis 　　John Dewey: Liberalism and Social ActionPart Three Compare with China　　Early Education in China Part Four Supplementary Reading　　Freud on the Couch Unit 15 Science & ReligionPart One Warm-up Activities Part Two Basic Readings 　　Bertrand Russell: A Free Man's Worship 　　Alfred North Whitehead: Science and the Modern World (1925) Part Three Compare with China　　Bertrand Russell: Chinese and Western Civilization ContrastedPart Four Supplementary Reading　　Alfred North Whitehead on EducationUnit 16 Man & Woman: Modern ExistencePart One Warm-up ActivitiesPart Two Basic Readings　　Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism　　Simone de Beauvoir: The Second SexPart Three Compare with China　　The First Glimpses of ChinaPart Four Supplementary Reading　　Existentialism

编辑推荐

　　“新编研究生英语系列教材”是外教社组织国内10余所重点高校的专家、教授，在广泛的市场调研和对当前研究生英语教学实际情况进行详细分析的基础上，倾力打造而成，以满足新时期人才培养的需要，和多样化、个性化的学习需求。　　遵循分类指导和因材施教的原则：《基础综合英语》和《学术综合英语》分别针对起点不同的学习者设计，以帮助学生打好扎实的语言基本功，并顺利过渡到学术英语的学习中；多样化的“选修课”可让学生根据自己的专业特点、兴趣爱好和时间安排，自由选择相关课程，全面培养研究生的英语实际应用能力。　　促进语言能力和文化素质的同步提升：强调以学习者为主体，注重对学生自主学习能力的培养，教材体系在帮助学习者提高语言能力的同时，亦可全面提高其人文素养和跨文化交际能力。　　立体化的教材编写模式：综合教程配套助学光盘和电子教案，可以为学习者提供自主学习的帮助，为教师提供立体化教学的支撑，更能适应现今研究生英语教学的需要。

前言

　　《西方思想经典阅读》选取自古希腊罗马一直到二十世纪各个时期的经典（英文）原著，力求从总体上勾勒出西方人文思想的发展脉络，反映西方历史文化的一个侧面。　　西方人文思潮是西方文明数千年发展的积累，是西方文化的精华。学习西方文化思想典籍，阅读西方宗教、政治、社会、经济、哲学、科学及人文思潮领域里有代表l生的著述，有助于学生从宏观上了解和把握西方人文思潮的发展脉络，提高对西方历史文化的整体认识，改善知识结构，提高综合素质。　　西方经典原著的文字比较艰涩，内容比较生疏，这些文字和思想常常博大精深，涉及人类知识的多个方面。要和这些思想形成交流和对话，需要学习者具有一定的知识储备，较好的知识结构，还需要养成逻辑分析和归纳总结的习惯，逐步提高理解和领悟能力。　　为什么要用英语来阅读这些原著?首先，本教材辑选的许多著作原本就是用英语写成；其次，欧洲思想一贯相互借鉴，大陆思潮对英美思想界产生过巨大的影响，反之亦然；用英语阅读可以直接接触原文，避免阅读译文可能会产生的误解。另外，用英语初步把握这些思想的精要也可以提高文科研究生的人文素质和专业素质，提高跨文化交际的能力。　　为了加强对西方思想的把握和理解，在学习西方思想的同时，本教材提供了相应的中国人文背景，尝试中西对比，对同一议题从不同视角进行关照，培养在较高层次上使用双语进行文化沟通、思想交流的能力。这是本教材的一个特色：连接古今，打通中西，在跨时代、跨语境、跨文化、跨知识领域的环境下领会与把握中西文化的精髓，有如钱钟书先生在《管锥编》“前言”中所说：研习中西，贵在“打通”。　　本教材的另一个特点是增加了大量的图片。西方思想文字较为艰涩，内容也常常很抽象，图片则比较直观，可以增加一些感性印象，或许有助于对思想的理解和接受。视觉反映对文字阅读有直接的帮助，在哈佛大学图书馆翻阅爱米丽．狄金森的照片和诗歌手稿，和面对市面上出版的狄金森选读，感觉是大不一样的：除了能更加直接地了解诗人的成长、揣摩诗歌的创作过程之外，感情上也能和她靠得更近。电脑时代，“手稿”和“手迹”之类的文献越来越少见，但是“文”与“人”齐出，仍然不失为一种增加阅读兴趣、加深阅读理解的做法。　　本教材提供了尽可能多的背景介绍和大量的中英文注释，以帮助提高阅读速度。这些单词释义、语言解释和背景介绍只是为了方便理解，很多单词释义提供的只是最接近的字面意义，其确切的含义还需要读者根据上下文进行补充和修正。

章节摘录

　　In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, "Let there be light": and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.1　　And God said, "Let there be a firmament (天空) in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.　　And God said, "Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear": and it was so. And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. And God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed (结果的植物), and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose2 seed is in itself, upon the earth": and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. And the evening and the morning were the third day.

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