英语史

作者简介

《英语史:从古英语到标准英语(第3版)》是一部以历史文献为核心的英语史教程。它通过大量原汁原昧的选文，从语音词汇、语法、书写法和社会背景等方面全方位地展现了英语的演变过程。选文来自各时期的经典文献，大多附有原文扫描圉片、转写文本（包括用古英语字体和当代英语书写体转写的文本）以及现代英语译文（包括逐词翻译及意译）。《英语史:从古英语到标准英语(第3版)》还配有专门的网站，提供选文的词汇表、文本详解和文本朗读，丰富了书本内容，而且具有很高的资料价值。

书籍目录

Preface to the third edition

Preface to the second edition

Symbols

Texts and facsimiles

Acknowledgements

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 English today

1.2 Studying variety across time in language

1.3 How has the English language changed?

1.4 How can we learn about Old English and later changes in the language?

1.5 Changes of meaning - the semantic level

2 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IS BROUGHT TO BRITAIN

2.1 Roman Britain

2.2 Tbe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

2.3 How the English language came to Britain

3 OLD ENGLISH （I）

3.1 Written Old English

3.2 The development of writing hands （i）

3.3 Dialects and political boundaries

3.4 Danish and Norwegian Vikings

3.5 Effects of Viking settlement on the English language

3.6 The Norman Conquest

4 OLD ENGLISH （11）

4.1 The language of Old English poetry

4.2 OE prose

4.3 OE grammar

4.4 Latin loan-words in OE

4.5 ON loan-words in OE

4.6 Early French loan-words

5 FROM OLD ENGLISH TO MIDDLE ENGLISH

5.1 The evidence for linguistic change

5.2 The Norman Conquest and the English language

5.3 The earliest 12th-century Middle English text

5.4 The book called Ormulum

5.5 12th-century loan-words

6 EARLY MIDDLE ENGLISH - 12TH CENTURY

6.1 Evidence of language change from late OE to early ME in La3amons Brut

6.2 The Owl & the Nightingale

7 EARLY MIDDLE ENGLISH - 13TH CENTURY

7.1 The Fox and the Wolf

7.2 The South English Legendary

7.3 A guide for anchoresses

7.4 The development of writing hands （ii） - from the llth to the 13th centuries

7.5 Three medieval lyrics

7.6 The Bestiary

7.7 The Lay of Havelok tbe Dane

7.8 Early 13th-century loan-words, 1200——49

8 NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN TEXTS COMPARED

8.1 Cursor Mundi - a history of the world

8.2 Later 13th-century loan-words, 1250-99 （see the Word Book）

9 THE 14TH CENTURY- SOUTHERN AND KENTISH DIALECTS

9.1 The dialect areas of Middle English

9.2 How to describe dialect differences

9.3 A South-Eastern, or Kentish dialect

9.4 An early South-West dialect

9.5 A later 14th-century South-West dialect

9.6 14th-century loan-words （see the Word Book）

10 THE 14TH CENTURY- NORTHERN DIALECTS

10.1 A 14th-century Scots dialect

10.2 Another Northern dialect - York

10.3 The York Plays

10.4 Northern and Midlands dialects compared

10.5 Chaucer and the Northern dialect

10.6 Loan-words, 1320-39 （see the Word Book）

11 THE 14TH CENTURY- WEST MIDLANDS DIALECTS

11.1 A North-West Midlands dialect- Sir Gawayn and ]~e Grene Kny3t

11.2 A South-West Midlands dialect - Piers Plowman

11.3 Loan-words, 1340-59 （see the Word Book）

12 THE 14TH CENTURY - EAST MIDLANDS AND LONDON

DIALECTS

12.1 The origins of present-day Standard English

12.2 The development of writing hands （iii） - the 14th century

12.3 A South-East Midlands dialect - Mandevilles Travels

12.4 The London dialect - Thomas Usk

12.5 Loan-words, 1360-79 （see the Word Book）

13 THE LONDON DIALECT - CHAUCER, LATE 14TH CENTURY

13.1 Chaucers prose writing

13.2 Chaucers verse

13.3 Editing a text

13.4 Loan-words, 1380-99 （see the Word Book）

14 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH I - THE 15TH CENTURY

14.1 The beginnings of a standard language

14.2 The development of writing hands （iv） - the 15th century

14.3 Chancery English

14.4 Early 15th-century East Midland dialect - The Boke of Margery Kempe

14.5 Later 15th-century East Midland dialect - the Paston letters

14.6 Late 15th-century London English - William Caxton

14.7 The medieval tales of King Arthur

14.8 Late 15th-century London dialect - the Cely letters

14.9 15tb-century loan-words （see the Word Book）

15 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH II - THE 16TH CENTURY （I）

15.1 The development of writing hands （v） - the 16th century

15.2 The Lisle Letters

15.3 Formal prose in the 1530s

15.4 A different view on new words

15.5 John Harts An Ortbographie

15.6 The Great Vowel Shift

15.7 Punctuation in 16th-century texts

15.7 Loan-words, 1500-49 （see the Word Book）

16 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH Ill - THE 16TH CENTURY （11）

16.1 The development of the standard language

16.2 Evidence for some 16th-century varieties of English

16.3 English at the end of the 16th century

16.4 Loan-words, 1550-99 （see the Word Book）

17 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH IV - THE 17TH CENTURY （I）

17.1 Evidence for changes in pronunciation

17.2 Sir Thomas Browne

17.3 The development of writing hands （vi） - the 17th century

17.4 George Foxs Journal

17.5 John Milton

17.6 John Evelyns Diary

17.7 The Royal Society and prose style

17.8 Loan-words, 1600——49 （see the Word Book）

18 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH V- THE 17TH CENTURY （11）

18.1 John Bunyan

18.2 Spelling and pronunciation at the end of the 17th century

18.3 John Dryden

18.4 North Riding Yorkshire dialect in the 1680s

18.5 Loan-words, 1650——99 （see the Word Book）

19 MODERN ENGLISH - THE 18TH CENTURY

19.1 Correcting, improving and ascertaining the language

19.2 Dr Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language

19.3 The perfection of the language

19.4 The Genius of the Language

19.5 Bishop Lowths Grammar

19.6 The depraved language of the common people

19.7 Propriety & perspicuity of language

19.8 Language and social class

19.9 William Cobbett and the politics of language

19.10 18th-century loan-words （see the Word Book）

20 FROM OLD ENGLISH TO MODERN ENGLISH - COMPARING

HISTORICAL TEXTS

20.1 Commentary on Text 173

20.2 Your accent gives you away!

21 POSTSCRIPT - TO THE PRESENT DAY

21.1 Some developments in the standard language since the 18th century

21.2 The continuity of prescriptive judgements on language use

21.3 The grammar of spoken English today

21.4 19th-&20th-century loan-words （see the Word Book）

Bibliography

Index

前言

　　随着我国经济的飞速发展，社会对以研究生为主体的高层次人才的需求日益增长，我国英语语言文学专业的研究生教育规模也在不断扩大。要使研究生教育持续健康地发展，培养学生创新思维能力和独立研究与应用能力，必须全面系统地加强基础理论与基本方法的训练。而要实现这一目标，就必须有一套符合我国国情的、系统正规的英语语言文学专业研究生主干教材。　　基于这一认识，上海外语教育出版社于21世纪之初邀请全国英语语言文学专业各研究领域中的知名专家学者，编写了“高等院校英语语言文学专业研究生系列教材”，迄今已陆续出版了二十余种。这套系列教材集各高校之所长，优势互补，形成合力，在教材建设方面，把我国英语语言文学专业的研究生培养工作推上了一个新的台阶，规范了我国英语语言文学专业的研究生课程，为高校培养基础扎实、知识面广、富有开拓精神、符合社会需要的高质量研究生提供了条件。　　该系列教材的编写结合了我国英语语言文学专业研究生教学的实际情况与需要，强调科学性、系统性、先进性和实用性，力求体现理论与应用相结合，介绍与研究相结合，史与论相结合，原创与引进相结合，全面融会贯通。每一种教材都能够反映出该研究领域的新理论、新方法和新成果。系列教材推出后不仅被作为我国英语语言文学专业研究生的主干教材，也被作为中国语言文学专业的教师与学生的参考用书。

章节摘录

　　1.1 English today　　Four hundred years ago, at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, English was　　spoken almost exclusively by the English in England, and by some speakers in Wales,　　Ireland and Scotland, and this had been so for hundreds of years since the language　　was first brought to Britain in the 5th century.　English today is a worldwide international language. It is spoken as a mother tongue by about 400 million people in the British Isles, Canada, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is a second language for many others in, for example, India and Pakistan and in some African states, where it is used as an official language in government and education. New Englishes　　Many different national and regional varieties of English have therefore developed, and will continue to do so. They have been called new Englishes, with their own characteristics of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, in the different states of Africa, India and Pakistan, Singapore and the Philippines for example. Standard English　　In Britain there are many regional and social dialects, but there is one variety which is not confined to any geographical region. It originally developed as a common system of writing, but it is also the dialect of what is called educated speech:　　Educated English naturally tends to be given the additional prestige of government agencies, the professions, the political parties, the press, the law court and the pulpit - any institution which must attempt to address itself to a public beyond the smallest dialectal community. It is codified in dictionaries, grammars, and guides to usage, and it is taught in the school system at all levels. It is almost exclusively the language of printed matter. Because educated English is thus accorded implicit social and political sanction, it comes to be referred to as STANDARD ENGLISH ... （Quirk et al., Longman 1985 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, p 18）

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